overflow

The ocean/overflow test group induces a density current flowing down a continental slope and includes four test cases.

supported models

These tasks support MPAS-Ocean and Omega.

description

This test case derives from Petersen et al. 2015. A cold, dense block of water starts out on a flat continental shelf and flows down a continental slope, ending up along a deep, flat seafloor. This test case is generally used for evaluating spurious mixing associated with different vertical coordinate systems in the presence of bottom topography.

../../../_images/overflow-sections-1h.png

mesh

The mesh is planar and the resolution is specified by config option overflow:resolution, which defaults to 1 km.

The horizontal dimensions of the domain are set by config options overflow:lx and overflow:ly, defaulting to 200 km by 40 km.

The domain is periodic on the zonal boundaries and solid on the meridional boundaries.

vertical grid

The topography includes a continental slope defined by

\[ z_{bed} = z_{shelf} + \frac{1}{2} (z_{floor} - z_{shelf}) (1 + \tanh((x - x_{slope})/L_{slope}) \]

where \(z_{shelf}\) corresponds to config option overflow:shelf_depth, \(z_{floor}\) to overflow:max_bottom_depth, \(x_{slope}\) to overflow:x_slope and \(L_{slope}\) to overflow:L_slope.

Any vertical coordinate and number of vertical levels above the minimum needed for baroclinic dynamics may be used.

# Options related to the vertical grid
[vertical_grid]

# Depth of the bottom of the ocean (m)
bottom_depth = 2000.0

# Number of vertical levels
vert_levels = 60

# The type of vertical grid
grid_type = uniform

# The type of vertical coordinate (e.g. z-level, z-star)
coord_type = z-star

# Whether to use "partial" or "full", or "None" to not alter the topography
partial_cell_type = None

initial conditions

Salinity is constant throughout the domain (at 35 PSU). The initial temperature is bimodal with low temperature throughout the continental shelf region set by the config option overflow:low_temperature (default value of 10 \(^{\circ}\)C) and high temperature over the slope and deep ocean set by the config option overflow:high_temperature (default value of 20 \(^{\circ}\)C). The transition between the two zones is set by the config option overflow:x_dense (default value of 20 km). This perturbation initiates slumping of the cold, denser water mass and flow down the slope as a bottom boundary current.

The initial state is at rest. The coriolis parameter is set to 0.

forcing

N/A

config options

These config options are common to all overflow tests:

# Options related to the overflow case
[overflow]

# Time integration scheme
time_integrator = RK4

# Timestep per km horizontal resolution (s)
dt_per_km = 7.5

# Barotropic timestep per km horizontal resolution (s)
btr_dt_per_km = 2.5

# The width of the domain in the across-slope dimension (km)
ly = 40

# The length of the domain in the along-slope dimension (km)
lx = 200

# Distance from two cell centers (km)
resolution = 2.0

# Bottom depth at bottom of overflow
max_bottom_depth = ${vertical_grid:bottom_depth}

# Shelf depth (m)
shelf_depth = 500.0

# Cold water range (km)
x_dense = 20.0

# Lateral position of the shelf-break (km)
x_slope = 40.0

# Length-scale of the slope (km)
L_slope = 7.0

# Beta in eos
eos_linear_beta = 0.8

# Initial salinity throughout the domain (PSU)
salinity = 35.0

# Reference salinity (PSU)
eos_linear_Sref = ${overflow:salinity}

# Lower temperature (deg C)
lower_temperature = 10.0

# Higher temperature (deg C)
higher_temperature = 20.0

# Default viscosity (m^2/s)
default_viscosity = 1000.0

# Default horizontal advection order
default_horiz_adv_order = 2

The linear EOS is used because it is convenient for computing RPE. The namelist parameters for the linear EOS can be altered using config options overflow:eos_linear_beta and overflow:eos_linear_Sref.

cores

The number of cores is determined by goal_cells_per_core and max_cells_per_core in the ocean section of the config file.

smoke_test

description

There are three smoke test cases corresponding to horizontal advection orders 2, 3, and 4: smoke_test_horiz_adv_order_2, smoke_test_horiz_adv_order_3, and smoke_test_horiz_adv_order_4. Each smoke test is the same as described above except the run is stopped before it is allowed to reach equilibrium to facilitate rapid testing. The horizontal advection order is controlled by the horiz_adv_order argument to the SmokeTest task and passed through to the forward step.

time step and run duration

The time step for forward integration is set by dt_per_km and the model resolution. The run duration is 12 minutes.

config options

The config options specific to the smoke test cases are:

[overflow_smoke_test]

# Run duration
run_duration = 12.

run_duration_units = minutes

# Output interval
output_interval = 1.

output_interval_units = seconds

cores

See overflow.

rpe

description

The rpe case is similar to the smoke tests except it runs to 40 days by which time the dense blob is mostly at depth. It also includes several forward runs corresponding to different values of the Laplacian viscosity specified by the config option overflow_rpe:viscosities. The analysis step is a substitute for the viz step as it includes the same cross-section visualizations of temperature but also includes a computation and plot of the evolution of the Resting Potential Energy (RPE) for each forward run.

../../../_images/overflow-rpe-sections.png

config options

The config options specific to the RPE case are:

[overflow_rpe]

# Run duration
run_duration = 40.

run_duration_units = days

# Output interval
output_interval = 1.

output_interval_units = hours

# Viscosity values to test for rpe test case
viscosities = 1, 5, 10, 100, 1000

# The time at which to plot cross-sections in the analysis step (days)
plot_time = ${overflow_rpe:run_duration}